World's biggest 3D printer whirs into action
A giant 3D printer, which is big enough to make a house, has been unveiled at the University of Maine.
The university says it has beaten its own record for the world's largest polymer 3D printer - with the new printer four times bigger than the previous machine.
The Factory of the Future 1.0 (FoF 1.0) can print objects 96ft (29m) long - approximately the length of a blue whale.
But experts say, despite the breakthrough, most of us will continue to live in homes made of bricks and mortar.
Large 3D printers, such as that unveiled in Maine, are more like to be used to make parts of houses rather than full homes, says Dr Eujin Pei, who is an expert in additive manufacturing at Brunel University.
He says they can be used for historical restoration, "not to print a house, but sometimes to print decorative parts, or sometimes to restore some parts."
They may become useful after natural disasters to manufacture parts of destroyed buildings, he told the BBC.
The University of Maine says it hopes the printer can be used to make affordable housing, as well as bridges, boats and wind turbines.
It can print up to 500lbs (227kg) of material per hour.
While 3D printers often print using plastic, the university hopes to include more sustainable materials and prioritise recycled polymers.
Maine is also home to large forests - and the hope is to use residual wood from sawmills as material to feed into the printer.
"The downside is that those kind of materials are not so durable," says Dr Pei.
Wood is "not so robust, but it's more environmentally friendly," he says.
The 3D printing process saves on time and waste by only using the materials needed, but there are still some environmental impacts.
"Sometimes the materials being used are not fully being able to be recycled because of contamination" in the production process, Dr Pei adds.
However, as products are designed on a computer first, their energy efficiency can be calculated beforehand - and they can be printed in a way which takes less time.
"There are definitely cost savings with respect to energy efficiency [and] resource efficiency," says Dr Pei.
Partly funded by the US military, the giant printer in Maine uses "sensors, high-performance computing and artificial intelligence" to help manufacture large products, said Habib Dagher, who is head of the university's Advanced Structures and Composites Center.
FoF 1.0's record-breaking predecessor built a bungalow as a prototype, but the hope is to help solve Maine's housing shortage with the new FoF 1.0.
It also used wood as a material which was fed into the manufacturing process.
The university says the two printers can work together in manufacturing the same object too.
It has long been hoped that 3D printing will transform manufacturing, both large and small scale.
It has been used in a wide range of fields, from space rockets to human cells to puppets.
But it also has a dark side - with criminals using the technology to manufacture weapons.
Last year, in what was thought to be the first case of its kind in the UK, two men were jailed for making sub-machine guns using a 3D printer.
Later in 2023, a man in Birmingham was sentenced to five years in prison for making 3D-printed assault rifles.
