The U.S.’s efforts to stymie Chinese chip production are not watertight
U.S. President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping are due to have their first tête-à-tête in a year in San Francisco on Wednesday, and chips are likely to be high on the agenda. The U.S.’s current export controls on chip shipments to China are clearly having a big effect but perhaps not quite as big as the White House was hoping.
Tencent president Martin Lau reportedly said in an analyst call today that the tech giant would be forced to look for domestic alternatives to the likes of Nvidia’s H100 and H800 processors to train its AI models. “We will have to figure out ways to make the usage of our AI chips more efficient," he said, according to Reuters. "And we will also try to look for domestic source[s] for these training chips."
Tencent’s Hunyuan AI model will be able to go through “at least a couple more generations” of development using the company’s stockpiled Nvidia chips, Lau added, but the constraints will limit its ability to offer those processors’ capabilities to others through its cloud services.
Local alternatives do exist, with Baidu having just ordered 1,600 Huawei Ascend 910B chips. And a high-level U.S. commission said yesterday that Baidu’s growing success in providing such alternatives suggests American efforts to stymie Chinese chip production aren’t watertight.
The Biden Administration last year banned the export to China of chipmaking equipment that could enable production processes at anything at or below the now-antiquated 14-nanometer scale. (In case you ever wonder what these numbers refer to, it used to mean the size of individual transistors, but these days it’s really just a marketing term in which smaller numbers denote greater component density and better performance. TSMC’s 3nm manufacturing process, which is responsible for Apple’s newest chips, is the latest and greatest.)
However, Baidu contractor SMIC is churning out chips that use 7nm processes, for AI training and for mobile phones such as the new Huawei Mate 60 Pro.
“Importers are often able to purchase the equipment if they claim it is being used on an older production line, and with limited capacity for end-use inspections it is difficult to verify the equipment is not being used to produce more advanced chips,” the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission griped in its annual report to Congress.
There’s a “proliferation of new firms acting on behalf of” the Chinese military, and finding the data to track them all may not be possible, the commission added. The U.S. doesn’t have “sufficient control over the supply chain to introduce effective controls unilaterally,” and “multilateral coordination is difficult.”
The report did not provide any recommendations for how to fix this situation. So as things stand, everyone will just have to accept that the export controls’ effectiveness is only temporary and—while really meaningful—not absolute.
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David Meyer
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This story was originally featured on Fortune.com
