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When’s the next Federal Reserve meeting? The FOMC — and how it affects your finances

Kelly Suzan Waggoner
Updated
When is the next Federal Reserve meeting? (Sutthipong Kongtrakool via Getty Images)

The Federal Reserve meets for its fourth two-day Federal Open Market Committee session of 2024 on June 11 and June 12, 2024.

At the conclusion of its FOMC session on May 1, 2024, the Federal Reserve announced that it's leaving the federal funds target interest rate at a 23-year high of 5.25% to 5.50%, marking the sixth consecutive time the Fed's held the benchmark rate unchanged since July 2023. The hold is part of the Fed's continued focus on getting the inflation rate closer to an average 2%.

If this week's headlines have left you wondering what the FOMC does — or what the Federal Reserve even is, for that matter — here's our primer on the Federal Reserve, the FOMC and what this week's rate-setting panel session means for your future finances.

What is the Federal Reserve — and why does it meet?

The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States and the anchor of the country's financial system and economic health. It’s governed by a federal Board of Governors appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate that's in charge of fulfilling the responsibilities laid out in the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, most important to provide the nation with a safe, stable monetary and financial system.

The Federal Reserve Act has been amended a handful of times as the country's grown and faced economic challenges. Key among them is a 1933 amendment that created the Federal Open Market Committee — or the FOMC — within the Federal Reserve, as well as a 1977 amendment establishing what's referred to as the Fed's dual mandate that holds to this day: "to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates."

The Federal Open Market Committee, which is made up of the Board of Governors and regional Federal Reserve bank presidents, meets throughout the year to review how the economy is going, analyze risks to employment and inflation and authorize monetary policy, including how the country’s money supply is managed.

At these FOMC meetings, the committee also sets the federal funds target rate cited in its dual mandate. Called the Fed rate, this rate is the benchmark that influences what U.S. banks charge to borrow money and lend money to one another — and the interest rates you’re offered on deposit accounts, loans, mortgages and other financial products.

The Federal Open Market Committee meets next on Tuesday, June 11 and Wednesday, June 12, 2024.

The 2024 meeting schedule for the FOMC began on Jan. 30, with the next session scheduled for April 30 and May 1, 2024:

The Federal Open Market Committee meets eight times a year for two days — typically Tuesdays and Wednesdays — with additional meetings added to the schedule as the economy or financial conditions require. Outcomes of these meetings, including changes to the federal funds target rate, are announced to the public at the conclusion of the FOMC meeting, with meeting minutes released about three weeks later.

The FOMC is the committee within the Federal Reserve that makes decisions around monetary policy and the open market — or the buying and selling of treasury bills and securities that regulate the country's money supply.

The Federal Open Market Committee is made up of the seven members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and five presidents of the 12 Federal Reserve district banks:

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Boston

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

  • Federal Reserve Bank of New York

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia

  • Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

  • Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

  • Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

These presidents are like bank CEOs responsible for setting, supervising and maintaining the monetary policy of their appointed regions — called districts. Created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, districts within the Federal Reserve System work together to manage the country’s money supply and how commercial banks are funded.

The seven members of the Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors and all 12 regional Federal Reserve bank presidents are welcome to attend the meetings and participate in discussions, but only Federal Open Market Committee members can vote on monetary policy.

Voting FOMC members always include the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and one each from the following four bank groups, based on a rotating schedule:

  • Boston, Philadelphia and Richmond, Va.

  • Cleveland and Chicago

  • Atlanta, St. Louis and Dallas

  • Minneapolis, Kansas City, Mo. and San Francisco

  • Jerome H. Powell, Board of Governors, Chair

  • John C. Williams, New York, Vice Chair

  • Michael S. Barr, Board of Governors

  • Michelle W. Bowman, Board of Governors

  • Lisa D. Cook, Board of Governors

  • Philip N. Jefferson, Board of Governors

  • Adriana D. Kugler, Board of Governors

  • Christopher J. Waller, Board of Governors

  • Thomas I. Barkin, Richmond

  • Raphael W. Bostic, Atlanta

  • Mary C. Daly, San Francisco

  • Loretta J. Mester, Cleveland

At the conclusion of its third rate-setting policy meeting of 2024 on May 1, 2024, the Federal Reserve left the federal funds target interest rate at a 23-year high of 5.25% to 5.50%, marking the sixth consecutive time the Fed's held the benchmark rate unchanged since July 2023.

In its post-meeting statement, the Federal Reserve maintained "there has been a lack of further progress toward the 2 percent inflation objective." The Federal Reserve is focused on a 2% inflation goal that's ideal for keeping employment high and prices low. Despite speculation in March of three rate cuts by the end of the year, the Fed cautioned in its May statement that its rate-setting committee "does not expect it will be appropriate to reduce the target range until it has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent."

It's too early to predict what the Fed will decide at its next policy meeting on June 11 and June 12, 2024. According to the CME FedWatch Tool, which measures market expectations for Fed fund rate changes, there's a 91.6% chance that the Fed will keep rates where they are at its next meeting.

Inflation appears to be on a downward trend, falling from a peak of 9.1% in June 2022 to rates that have ranged from 3% and 4% since May 2023. The May 3 jobs report fell short of employment expectations, showing 175,000 positions added in April — significantly lower than the 315,000 positions added in March — signaling a slowing job market that could relieve inflation worries and set off long-awaited cuts to the Fed rate.

Consumer Price Index released on May 15 revealed consumer prices rose by 3.4% year over year, down from 3.5% in March — a modest decrease, but a step in the right direction for this widely used indicator for inflation. Producer Price Index data released on May 14 showed a 0.5% increase in wholesale prices — or the prices paid to producers of goods and services — in the 12 months through April, its highest rate in a year. Yet while these newest inflation readings suggests progress, offering hope for a future cut to the Fed rate, it may not be enough for the Fed to lower rates in June.

Responding to inflation concerns, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said on May 15 that while he expects inflation to come down, "I think it’s more likely that we’ll be at a place where we hold the policy rate where it is.”

The Powell-led rate-setting panel will announce a rate decision at the conclusion of its meeting on June 12, at 2 p.m. ET.

The federal funds rate — or Fed rate — is the benchmark rate that sets the outlook on the state of the country’s economy, and it affects the interest rates you get on deposit accounts, loans, mortgages and other financial products.

Generally, the Fed raises the federal funds rate when the economy is strong in an attempt to slow borrowing and tame inflation:

  • A higher Fed rate means increased annual percentage yields (APYs) on deposit accounts like certificates of deposit, high-yield savings accounts and money market accounts, helping you to earn more interest on your savings.

  • But it also means you’ll pay higher interest to borrow money through financial products like personal loans and credit cards. Mortgage and home loan rates don't follow the Fed rate as closely, yet when the Fed increases the benchmark rate, mortgage rates also tend to rise.

The Fed decreases the federal funds rate when the economy is sluggish, making it cheaper for you to borrow money:

  • A lower Fed rate means you’ll pay less interest on new personal loans, and monthly repayments on variable loans like adjustable rate mortgages and credit cards can become more affordable.

  • But it also means lower APYs on deposit accounts like certificates of deposit, high-yield savings accounts and money market accounts, decreasing the amount of interest you can earn on your savings balances.

Dig deeper: High-yield savings account vs. CD: What to know when rates are high

The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the U.S. that sets monetary policy and regulates the financial system to support a healthy economy for Americans and businesses. Created by Congress in December 1913, It has a mandate to increase employment and stabilize prices in order to keep inflation in check.

Among its main responsibilities are determining benchmark interest rates that affect the way consumers and businesses earn and borrow money, moderating the money available for banks to borrow and lend among themselves and regulating the open market that allows buyers and sellers to trade goods and services.

Its decisions influence how much money and credit is available to Americans and businesses, which affects how we buy homes and borrow money, grow our savings and retirement funds and take on new employment within a healthy job market.

The current federal funds target interest rate is 5.25% to 5.50%. The Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee meets eight times a year to set this benchmark, announcing any changes to the public at the conclusion of its meeting.

At its last rate-setting policy meeting, on March 20, 2024, the Fed left the Fed rate unchanged, marking the fifth consecutive time it’s held rates steady since July 2023.

The annual inflation rate is a measurement that reflects how quickly the prices of goods and services have increased over a year, expressed as a percentage. It’s important because inflation affects many aspects of the economy, from decreasing the purchasing power of the dollars in your wallet, to increasing the interest rates you pay to borrow money, to increasing the prices you pay on food, gas, housing, electricity and other basic needs.

The Federal Reserve is focused on keeping the inflation rate to an average 2% — a rate it’s determined as ideal for keeping employment high and prices low. A 2% inflation rate means that the goods and services you paid $1 for a year ago would now cost you 2% more — or $1.02.

You can see more about how inflation works by using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI Inflation Calculator, which bases its calculations on the Consumer Price Index, a widely used indicator for inflation.

Members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors are appointed by the U.S. president and confirmed by the Senate for terms of 14 years. The Board of Governors chair and vice chair serve shorter terms of four years.

Tradition holds that members of the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee elect the Board of Governors chair as FOMC chair and the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as FOMC vice chair.

Kelly Suzan Waggoner is personal finance editor at AOL. Before joining AOL, Kelly was managing editor at Bankrate and editor-in-chief at Finder, where she led a team focused on helping people to make unfamiliar financial decisions around banking, lending, credit cards, investments and more. In addition to Bankrate and Finder, Kelly’s expertise has been featured in Nasdaq, Lifehacker and other publications. Today, she's dedicated to empowering those planning for, newly entering or fully enjoying retirement to get the most out of their finances — whether that’s saving money, managing debt, maximizing rewards or growing their wealth.

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