All the dates, deadlines, and rules you need to know before voting in the 2018 midterm elections

Shayanne Gal, Grace Panetta and Skye Gould

  • With the 2018 midterm elections just one week away, now is the perfect time to make a plan to vote to make sure your Election Day goes off without a hitch.

  • Election Day is Tuesday, November 6, 2018, but you can vote early or absentee in most states.

  • Experimental research studies show that people who make a plan in advance are much more likely to vote.

  • Here's everything you need to know about your state's voter registration deadlines, when your ballot is due if you'll be voting absentee, and when the polls open and close in your state.

With the 2018 midterm elections just one week away, now is the perfect time to start planning when and how you'll vote, whether you plan to head to the polls in person on November 6 or send in an absentee ballot before then.

A 2010 experimental study found that voter turnout was up to 9% higher among people who made a plan to vote before Election Day compared to those who did not.

Since every state has different requirements and deadlines, informing yourself about voting in your state to make sure you won't be blindsided by unexpected poll closing hours or registration deadlines will pay off when Election Day comes around.

Here's everything you need to know about your state's voter registration deadlines, when your ballot is due if you'll be voting absentee, and when the polls open and close in your state, if you plan to vote in person.

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While voter registration deadlines have passed in most states, there's still time to register if you live in North Carolina or one of the 16 states, plus the District of Columbia, that allows voters to register on Election Day.

Since North Dakota has no voter registration, you don't need to do anything advance besides bring an ID to the polls. (Keep reading below to more learn specifics about voter ID laws).

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If you're registered to vote but will be away from your polling place on Election Day, there's still time in many states to request and send in an absentee ballot.

While states all have different requirements for receiving a ballot, most military service members, US citizens living abroad, college students, or people who will otherwise be away from their polling place for another reason, including a disability or religious conflict, are eligible to vote absentee in the November 6 election.

All states allow voters to request ballots by mail, but only some permit in-person requests. Virginia is the only state where voters can apply for an absentee ballot online.

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While most states require that your absentee ballot be postmarked or received by your election official by Election Day, some will count your ballot as long as it arrives within up to 10 days of Election Day.

If you request a ballot but don't receive it in time to mail in back by your state's deadline, you can fill out the Federal Absentee Write-in Ballot as a backup.

In the meantime, you can use Ballotpedia's sample ballot lookup tool for information on all the federal, state, and local elections and/or ballot initiatives that you can vote on this fall.

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The majority of states allow early voting where you can go to your polling place before Election Day and cast your ballot.

Some of them call it "absentee voting" because you technically fill out an absentee ballot at the polling place, but either way — it's the ability to vote early in person, before Election Day.

See the full breakdown for each state's rules here »

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While most states close the polls somewhere between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m., almost every state has laws requiring that as long as you got in line while the polls were still open, you have to be allowed to cast a ballot if you're in line when they close.

If you're in line when the polls close and are told to leave or have any problems voting, you can call the nonpartisan voter-protection hotline at 1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683) for assistance.

If you'll be working on Election Day and won't be able to vote before or after work, you may be allowed to take time off work to vote.

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In the internet age, it's become increasingly popular among voters to take pictures of their ballots to post to social media as proof to their friends that they completed their civic duty of voting.

But in some states, taking and posting such a "ballot selfie" might land you in trouble with the law.

State laws against showing your ballot to another person are meant to preserve the secret ballot, and protect against people being coerced or bribed to vote a certain way.

While some state legislatures or secretaries of state have adapted their policies to the digital age, some states still ban ballot selfies, and in some, the law is murky.

Since policies around ballot selfies may vary among different cities in a given state or be inconsistently enforced, it's a good idea to check with a poll worker before whipping out your phone to snap a picture of your ballot.

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If your work schedule will make it difficult for you to vote on November 6, you may be able to take time off from work to vote depending on where you live.

Thirty states currently have laws requiring employers to give employees either paid or unpaid time off from work to vote on Election Day.

But many states have additional restrictions giving employers discretion over what hours workers can leave to vote and/or requiring employees to obtain prior permission, so be sure to check your state's requirements and discuss taking time off with your boss well in advance of Election Day.

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The number of states requiring voters to bring some form of ID to the polls has more than doubled since 2001, and the requirements greatly vary across different states.

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Bringing a piece of mail or government document with your name and address is sufficient in many states, but in others, you'll need to bring a non-expired photo ID approved by your state's government.

In Texas, for example, a concealed-carry permit is an admissible form of ID to vote, but a state university-issued student ID card is not, so be sure to read up on the accepted documents in your state before voting.

While some states will allow you to sign a sworn affidavit to have your vote counted if you don't have an ID, others only let you cast a provisional ballot, and will only count your vote if you provide election officials with an admissible ID within a certain amount of time.

Read more of Business Insider's 2018 Midterm Election coverage:

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