Scientists might have found an inner-inner Earth's core

Earth's inner core, a super-hot and super-compressed ball of iron smaller than the moon, helps generate the Earth's magnetic field and, by extension, the aurora borealis -- or Northern Lights.

But scientists now think there's more to it than that. Researchers think they've found an inner-inner core.

Iron at the Earth's core forms into crystals. The scientists found within the inner core, there's another region where the crystals don't line up with the rest of the inner core.

Specifically, while the inner core's crystals are lined up north to south, the inner-inner core's crystals line up east to west.

The discovery could shed light not only on how exactly the Earth's core works but also on how the core and the Earth itself developed billions of years ago.

Obviously, scientists aren't able to actually drill to the center of the Earth to see the core and confirm their findings - that would entail some 4,000 miles of digging, withstanding millions of atmospheres of pressure, and thousands of degrees Kelvin of heat.

Instead, geologists tend to use seismological data - measuring how waves of energy generated by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions travel through the Earth's layers.

The researchers measured the ways those different seismic waves were distorted as they travel to establish the orientation of the iron crystals.

An earth sciences professor at Cambridge told the BBC the researchers' model will now face further testing using other methods of seismic analysis.

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