First Solar No Longer the Shining Star of Solar Stocks
For nearly a decade First Solar has paced the solar industry. The company's thin-film solar modules were by far the most affordable per watt when the industry was emerging in the 2000s, and it generated a gross margin of over 50% for a period of time.
But First Solar is no longer the dominant player it once was. Competition from China rapidly lowered the cost of polysilicon panels and the company's cost leadership has evaporated. To make matters worse, as the cost of modules has fallen, efficiency has become more important and First Solar has effectively been forced out of the residential solar market. Add all of this up and margins have dropped, and so has First Solar stock along with them.
FSLR Gross Profit Margin Quarterly data by YCharts
To make up for these challenges First Solar has made some bold moves recently. It bought start-up TetraSun, who can supposedly build polysilicon panels at high efficiencies and low cost. In theory, this will eventually allow First Solar to focus on areas outside of utility-scale solar.
Utility-scale solar drives the business
Where First Solar still has a significant lead is in utility-scale solar, where module cost per watt and installation efficiencies mean more than in smaller installations. But for utility-scale projects to drive the business, a company needs to continue adding projects to make up for projects built in a quarter. That's why it's of concern that backlog has fallen from 3.0 GW six months ago to 2.5 GW today.
The company's economies of scale may not lead to industry leading margins for much longer either. SunPower is releasing C7 this year, which concentrates the sun's rays seven times onto its high-efficiency solar cells. With a higher-efficiency offering SunPower can pack more solar onto the same land as First Solar, which will put pressure on First Solar's less-efficient modules as SunPower's costs drop.
MEMC Electronic Materials is also transitioning from a solar supplier to a project builder, adding competition to the business. MEMC also has a larger 2.7 GW pipeline, although it doesn't have the same history in utility-scale projects as First Solar.
The bottom line is that a lead in utility-scale solar isn't durable without differentiating modules, which is where First Solar is falling behind.
No presence in residential solar
The biggest disadvantage for First Solar right now is that it doesn't have exposure to the growing residential solar market. This is where SunPower and SolarCity are growing their leasing businesses and defining what the future of solar power will look like. It's this distributed solar source that makes more financial sense than giant utility projects in the long term because they'll have power consumed at the source and cut down on transmission and distribution costs.
What SolarCity and SunPower are transitioning to is an energy solution model, where they provide energy monitoring, storage, efficiency, as well as solar modules. In the utility space, First Solar is just competing on cost, but in an effort to improve efficiency in the residential market is why First Solar bought TetraSun.
First Solar stock priced for perfection
Combine all of the factors above with the fact that First Solar's stock is trading at 11 times trailing earnings, and the only conclusion is that it's asking a lot of the company's growth. Unless First Solar can start up TetraSun's production without hiccups, and fill backlog more quickly in coming quarters, I don't think it looks like a value.
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The article First Solar No Longer the Shining Star of Solar Stocks originally appeared on Fool.com.
Fool contributor Travis Hoium owns shares of SunPower in personal and managed accounts and personally has the following options: Long Jan 2015 $7 Calls on SunPower, Long Jan 2015 $5 Calls on SunPower, Long Jan 2015 $15 Calls on SunPower, and Long Jan 2015 $25 Calls on SunPower. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
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